Which financial document reflects the company's financial performance over a specific period?

The income statement is the financial document that provides a detailed overview of a company’s financial performance over a specific period, typically including a set timeframe like a quarter or a year. It summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during that period. By showing how much money was made and spent, the income statement ultimately reflects the company’s profitability (or losses) during the given timeframe.

In contrast, the balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time, rather than over a period. The cash flow statement tracks the inflows and outflows of cash, focusing on how cash is generated and used, while the expense report simply details the expenses incurred, which is a component of the income statement rather than an overview of overall financial performance.